¹ In the Hebrew bible a woman medium referred to as the Witch of Endor is depicted, whom at Saul’s behest consults a deceased spirit to advise him on tactics for combatting the Philistines—who proceeds, instead, to chastise this king for the defiance such summoning represents, and foretell his troops’ doom for such impertinence. This digression is omitted from Christian canon, and indeed the necromancy and witchcraft, conjuring spirits of the departed portrayed within has frequently troubled interpreting theologians.